When a consortium of oil companies began developing the Camisea gas field in the southern Peruvian Amazon a decade ago, green groups and indigenous-rights activists pressured international lenders to make environmental and social safeguards a condition for financing. The consortium agreed to use a so-called offshore-inland approach, ferrying personnel and supplies to the site by helicopter and river and not building roads. It also earmarked revenues for development projects in nearby communities and for community-based environmental monitoring programs.